Quality Terminology / Quality Abbreviations / Glossary - 1

QSR

Quality System Requirements.

Rolled Throughput Yield
Probability that a product will pass through the entire process without rework and defects. It is the product of the First Time Through (FTT) of all process steps.

5S
Seiri (sort), Seiton (set in order), Seiso (shine), Seiketsu (standardize), Shitsuke (sustain); application in manufacturing, in office.

SCAMPER
stands for a checklist that helps the creative process - substitute, combine, adapt, modify, put (to other uses), eliminate, reverse

SFMEA
System Failure Mode and Effects Analysis.

Significant Characteristics
Product and process characteristics designated by the customer, including governmental regulatory and safety, and/or selected by the supplier through knowledge of the product and process.

SWOT Analysis
SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It is a methodology used to aid strategic planning that gained popularity during the 80's. To do a SWOT analysis considers these:
 Strengths:
   What are your advantages?
   What do you do well?
 Weaknesses:
   What could be improved?
   What is done poorly by the company?
   What are the skills not covered?
 Opportunities:
   What are the current trends?
 Threats:
   What obstacles do you face?
   What is your competition doing?
   Are requirements changing?
   What are the current threats?
   Do you have resource problems?

SURVIVAL for Quality Professional
 S Size up the issue on hand
 U Use process knowledge
 R Reach out to the experts
 V Vanquish defensive attitudes
 I  Improve on old ideas
 V Value the customer
 A Assess the changes
 L Limit the scope to the problem

TGR
Things Gone Right.

TGW
Things Gone Wrong.

 

Transition Tree (TRT)
(part of the Theory of Constraints Thinking Process) step-by-step process from start to finish of a course of action. It shows how specific actions combine with existing reality to achieve new expected effects, and why we expect those actions to achieve the particular outcomes that are required.

TRIZ
TRIZ, the Russian language acronym for the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving is a product of the cataloguing and analysis of empirical data. A structured methodology which contains an algorithm for isolating the principal technology / engineering conflict which limits or prevents satisfactory performance of a system. The identified conflict is then categorized using established physical laws, principles, or relationships, thereby enabling fundamental solutions to be derived based upon proven (sometimes previously unrelated) technology. >

Upper control limit
on the control chart (developed by W. A. Shewhart) an upper control-limit is drawn three standard deviations above the center line. 

VA/VE
Value Analysis/Value Engineering.

Value Stream Map (VSM)
a visual tool used to document the flow of products or services through a system. A value stream is all of the actions required to change raw materials into a product delivered to the customer. The VSM differentiates the value-adding activities of a system from the non-value-adding ones. Recording the time taken for each activity shows what percentage of valuable time an object or person spends in a system. Any non-value-adding time indicates an opportunity for possible improvement within the system. The VSM shows the process flow from order to delivery and includes - a) information & material flow, b) product throughput & cycle times, c) resources utilized, d) value added times and e) location of significant waste. 

Zero Defects
proposed by Philip Crosby as part of the book 'Quality is Free', is a business practice which aims to reduce and minimize the number of defects and errors in a process and to do things right the first time.

Yamazumi Board
Cycle Time mapping process to identify value-added and non-value added activities.

Yamazumi Charts
show the planned cycle times for each process

Yokaten
Across everywhere. Plant related activities and/or countermeasures that are communicated plant wide and with other company affiliates. 

X & R Charts
A control chart used to represent process stability and capability over time; displays the variability in the process average and range across time.

X's
Six Sigma term for variables that are independent, root causes; as opposed to Y's which are dependent outputs of a process. Six Sigma works on measuring and improving X's, to see subsequent improvement in Y's. Y=f(X) 

Warrant
Warrant is an industry-standard document required for all newly-tooled or revised products in which the supplier confirms that inspections and tests on production parts show conformance to customer requirements.

Waiver
written authorization to use or release a quantity of material, components, or stores already manufactured but not conforming to the specified requirements.

Waste
any activity that absorbs resources & creates no value. See 3M & 7 Wastes.